Higher fees are charged by superannuation funds that have a higher allocation to riskier, less liquid asset classes, according to the Centre for International Finance and Regulation (CIFR).
A CIFR study found that hedge funds and private equity had the greatest impact on total fees, with increased allocations to these investments leading to higher fees being paid by fund members.
Corporate public sector funds were found to charge the lowest investment fees, followed by industry funds. Retail funds, on average, charged a higher fee than expected.
Leader of the research project, Andrew Ainsworth, said: "Fees are higher for risker assets and the returns are often greater as well. However, when you take into account the risk-adjusted performance, the benefits disappear".
The study proposed that in addition to asset allocation details, super funds should also disclose:
It said this would enable members to see where fees were eroding their account balances, and to make informed decisions as to whether the fees were worthy of the returns being generated.
"It's important that members get a clear understanding of how their superannuation is being invested, where their returns are coming from and what fees they are incurring in the process," Ainsworth said.
"However, investors should be cautious when making investment decisions based solely on fee levels as these are not necessarily indicative of the ability of superannuation funds."
A major super fund has defended its use of private markets in a submission to ASIC, asserting that appropriate governance and information-sharing practices are present in both public and private markets.
A member body representing some prominent wealth managers is concerned super funds’ dominance is sidelining small companies in capital markets.
Earlier this month, several Australian superannuation funds fell victim to credential stuffing attacks, which saw a small number of members lose more than $500,000.
Small- to medium-sized funds have become collateral damage in an "imperfect" model for super industry levies, a financial institution has said.